The Influence of Climate Change and Variability on Aircraft Take-off and Landing Performance; a Case Study of the Abeid Amani Karume International Airport-Zanzibar

Climate change (CC) and variability have been world widely reported to pose number of risks in aviation industry including accidents, astray, other operational difficulties. The impact weather on landing take-off performances has several times experienced at Abeid Amani Karume International Airport (AAKIA); however, the influence climate aircraft performance needs be assessed. Thus, this study investigated aircrafts performances. Specifically, investigated; i) Take-off Distance Required (TODR) Maximum Mass (MTOM) for different types aircraft; ii) light, medium heavy lastly, iii) seasonal annual due variability. datasets used include eight years (2014-2021), records (diversion missed approach events) Aviation Routine Weather Reports (METAR) which were utilized as indicators performance, long-term (1990-2020) maximum temperatures (Tmax) was determine TODR MTOM. Statistical tools mean, percentage changes, correlations, regression, chi-square test analysis hypotheses testing. results revealed that light categories significantly most affected diversion events compared categories; vice versa. Moreover, (at p ≤ 0.001). As show MTOM increasing decreasing 0.001), based air temperatures. Therefore, concludes changing by MTOM, while influencing events. recommends (i) further research works feasibility runway extension safety future operations AAKIA (ii) proper maintenance improvement Instrumental Landing Systems (ILS) an adaptation measures during bad